Device Engineer / Scientist (m/w/d) Design Verification & Medical Devices HIER WERDEN SIE ARBEITEN: Sie sind auf der Suche nach einer neuen beruflichen Herausforderung? Dann sind Sie bei uns genau richtig.
FERCHAU – Connecting People and Technologies sucht in Freiburg eine/n Hardwareentwickler (m/w/d) Medical Devices (ID-Nummer: 11893078)
regenold GmbH sucht in eine/n Regulatory Affairs Manager (m/f/d) in-vitro diagnostic medical devices / CDx I 80-100% (ID-Nummer: 13764773)
April einen Evaluation Engineer (m/w/d) Design Verification & Medical Devices in Vollzeit. Ein flexibles Arbeitsmodell mit der Möglichkeit zum mobilen Arbeiten ist gegeben, jedoch sind regelmäßige Präsenztage vor Ort in Ingelheim erforderlich.
HR Manager Germany (m/w/d) - Medical Device in Frankfurt am Main Sie arbeiten als HR Manager Germany (m/w/d) für ein renommiertes, international stark wachsendes Unternehmen, das als Marktführer in der Kardiologie etabliert ist.
Customer Service Specialist (m/w/d) - Medical Device - Frankfurt am Main in Frankfurt am Main Sie arbeiten als Customer Service Specialist (m/w/d) in Frankfurt am Main in Vollzeit für ein renommiertes, international stark wachsendes Unternehmen, das als Marktführer in der Kardiologie etabliert ist.
Completed degree in a medically related field (e.g., Health Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Engineering at a University of Applied Sciences) or a comparable medical-technical professional backgroundExperience with biophysiological measurement methods (e.g., EEG, EMG) is an advantageExperience in conductance of medical device studies is an advantageFluent in English (spoken and written); good German skills are an advantageStrong technical affinityGood computer skills; experience with programming languages such as MATLAB, Python, or similar is an advantageVery thorough, structured, and independent working style with a strong commitment to qualityAbility to work well in a team as well as independently and flexibly
As an international system integrator, znt-Richter develops software solutions for the semiconductor, medical device, electronics, and manufacturing industries. Highest levels of customer satisfaction, reliability, trust, commitment as well as mutual support are our essential values that we follow during our work.
These technologies are paving the way for advancements in telecommunications, autonomous vehicles, and medical diagnostics. Our company-wide goal is to set up top-notch technology that facilitates our customers from around the world in building tomorrow’s optoelectronic devices.
About us Your Contribution Develop and progress into a technical expert for specialty vials and ready-to-use [RTU] vials, supporting growth with our innovative productsCollaborate within a global, cross-functional team (sales, product management, quality, pharma services)Design and execute targeted roadshows with market intelligence, sales, and marketing in biotech hubs across the United States Act as a technical expert to introduce high-value products to the biotech sectorIdentify and acquire new customers; support cross-selling of high-value products to established accountsUnderstand the drug formulation for clients, along with their challenges, while providing technical solutionsFollowing all Company policies, procedures, along with Code of Conduct and safety guidelines Your Profile Bachelor’s Degree in natural science (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Pharmacy, Biotechnology) or EngineeringAt least 3 years of experience in business development or related roles in a B2B environment within an international organizationExperience in pharmaceutical packaging, medical devices, or biotechnology, strongly preferredProven project management, analytical, and conceptual skillsFluent in English (additional languages are a plus)Willingness to travel up to 60%Strong analytical skillsDemonstrated project management skill, along with conceptual skillsWell-organized and highly motivated Your Benefits Excellent healthcare benefits including medical, dental and visionShort and long term disability Tuition reimbursement Paid time offPet insurance Other supplemental benefits available upon election Please feel free to contact us You can expect interesting tasks and challenging projects, as well as motivated and friendly teams in fields that influence our future.
Produkte und Waren aus Kunststoff sind in unserem täglichen Leben unverzichtbar geworden und in vielen Einsatzgebieten fundamental wichtig wie zum Beispiel in der Medizintechnik bei sfm medical devices GmbH. Folgende Ausbildungsinhalte werden während der dreijährigen dualen Ausbildung vermittelt: - Auswahl und Verarbeitung von Kunststoffen und Kautschuken - Bedienung und Überwachung von Maschinen und Anlagen zur Kunststoff- und Gummiverarbeitung - Herstellung von Formteilen nach technischen Zeichnungen - Durchführung von Qualitätskontrollen - Wartung und Instandhaltung von Produktionsanlagen Berufsschule: Berufliche Schulen in Gelnhausen Anforderungen: Idealerweise sollte man für diese Ausbildung mindestens Mittlere Reife haben.
We offer a wide range of benefits to meet your needs to include medical, dental, vision, 401K, vacation, holidays, short-term disability, personal days, floating holiday, etc.
We offer a wide range of benefits to meet your needs to include medical, dental, vision, 401K, vacation, holidays, personal days, enhanced 401k retirement savings, short-term disability, etc. This position is covered by a union collective bargaining agreement.
Develop and maintain software solutions by applying in-depth technical knowledge and problem-solving skills, while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards for medical softwareEnsure the timely delivery of high-quality software for medical devices that meets both the company's standards and customer needs, influencing the success of the team and broader project outcomesCommunicate complex technical concepts effectively, fostering an environment of collaboration and continuous learning within and across diverse and intercultural teamsEmpower your team members to take ownership of their work and leading by example to foster teamwork and mentorship Degree or equivalent practical experience in a specialized field related to software development or engineeringProven experience in software development, with a demonstrated passion and hands-on professional experience working with Rust incl. a solid understanding of Rust's core concepts (ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes), experience with asynchronous programming in Rust (e.g., using async/await) and familiarity with common Rust libraries and frameworks (e.g., tokio, actix-web, rocket, serde, sqlx).Capable of solving complex issues creatively and effectively, using a multi-faceted approach based on thorough analysis to resolve complex technical challengesExcellent communication skills with the ability to foster an inclusive and diverse environment as well as collaborate effectively within and across teamsEnglish fluency is a prerequisite, German is advantageous Internal career opportunitiesWorld-renowned medical devices company Ihr Kontakt Referenznummer 858105/1 Kontakt aufnehmen Telefon:+41 44 225 50 00 E-Mail: positionen@hays.ch Anstellungsart Freiberuflich für ein Projekt
These technologies are paving the way for advancements in telecommunications, autonomous vehicles, and medical diagnostics. Our company-wide goal is to set up top-notch technology that facilitates our customers from around the world in building tomorrow’s optoelectronic devices.
Mitwirkung bei verschiedenen Projekte der Bereiche Qualitätssicherung und GMP direkt bei unseren Kunden vor Ort mit Unterstützung namhafte Hersteller im GMP-regulierten Umfeld (Pharma, Biotechnologie, Life Sciences, Medical Devices, Chemie) bei der Erfüllung ihrer Qualitätsansprüche und Entwicklung neuer Lösungsansätze Qualifizierung von Anlagen und Validierung von Prozesse nach den neuesten Methoden und messtechnischen Standards als Projektkoordinator:in oder -leiter:in auch Verantwortung Projekten Durchführung des Hygienemonitoring im Rahmen des Hygienemanagements Sie sind Betreuer:in und Berater:in für die vielfältigen Fragestellungen in der Qualitätssicherung und GMP-Compliance Ihr Profil: abgeschlossenes Ingenieurstudium (Master, Bachelor, Promotion) der Fachrichtungen Chemie, Pharmatechnik, Biotechnologie, Verfahrenstechnik oder einer vergleichbaren naturwissenschaftlichen Fachrichtung sowie Erfahrung mit dem Schwerpunkt von Prozessvalidierungen im Bereich Medizinprodukte, biologische Produkte oder Pharmazeutika Reisebereitschaft (40 %), sehr gute Deutsch- und Englischkenntnisse Sicherer Umgang mit den gängigen SAP und MS Office-Programmen als ein:e Macher:in oder ein:e ‚Anpacker:in‘ und haben Sie ein freundliches und Service orientiertes Auftreten hohes Maß an Selbstständigkeit, Engagement und Teamspirit sowie Bereitschaft Verantwortung zu übernehmen Freude Haben wir Ihr Interesse geweckt?
We offer a wide range of benefits to meet your needs to include medical, dental, vision, 401K, vacation, holidays, short-term disability, etc. Position starts at $26.25 an hour plus shift differential (2nd Shift $1/hr. and 3rd Shift $1.25/hr. 6 month increases up to 18 months.
We offer a wide range of benefits to meet your needs to include medical, dental, vision, 401K, vacation, holidays, personal days, floating holidays, short-term disability, subsidized pension, etc. Starting Rate $25.56 / hour with progression increases every six months up to 18 months.
Selbstständige Planung, Durchführung, Auswertung und Dokumentation von Integrationstests im BSL-1 Labor in unterschiedlichsten ProjektphasenAbstimmung der Integrationstests mit internen Schnittstellen und regelmässige Kommunikation an relevante Stakeholder über den Fortschritt der IntegrationstestsVerantwortlich für den Fortschritt der Systems Testing Aktivitäten innerhalb des Projektes gemäss der definierten ArbeitspaketeSie erstellen die erforderlichen technischen Dokumentationen in englischer SpracheSelbständiges Auswerten, Interpretieren und Präsentieren der Testergebnisse nach Regulatorischen und Projektspezifischen AnforderungenIdentifikation, Minimierung, Verfolgen und Reporten von Risiken und Issues nach Prozess und / oder ProjektdefinitionenReview von Produktanforderungen/Requirements hinsichtlich Testbarkeit und die Erstellung von Testfällen für die Verifikation dieser AnforderungenHinterfragen bestehender Laborprozesse, Identifikation von Optimierungsbedarf aus technischer und naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht und anschließende selbstständige Umsetzung Bachelor/Master Abschluss oder Ausbildung mit fundierter ErfahrungErste Test Erfahrung, idealerweise im Medical Device UmfeldSichere Programmierkenntnisse: entwickeln von internen Test-Frameworks und Analyse-Tools weiter mit Unterstützung von Git als Versionierung ToolPython Expertise (z.
We offer a wide range of benefits to meet your needs to include medical, dental, vision, 401K, vacation, holidays, personal days, short-term disability, etc. This position is subject to the union Collective Bargaining Agreement.
We offer a wide range of benefits to meet your needs to include medical, dental, vision, 401K, vacation, holidays, short-term disability, etc.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
Selbstständige Planung, Durchführung, Auswertung und Dokumentation von Integrationstests im BSL-1 Labor in unterschiedlichsten Projektphasen Abstimmung der Integrationstests mit internen Schnittstellen und regelmässige Kommunikation an relevante Stakeholder über den Fortschritt der Integrationstests Verantwortlich für den Fortschritt der Systems Testing Aktivitäten innerhalb des Projektes gemäss der definierten Arbeitspakete Sie erstellen die erforderlichen technischen Dokumentationen in englischer Sprache Selbständiges Auswerten, Interpretieren und Präsentieren der Testergebnisse nach Regulatorischen und Projektspezifischen Anforderungen Identifikation, Minimierung, Verfolgen und Reporten von Risiken und Issues nach Prozess und / oder Projektdefinitionen Review von Produktanforderungen/Requirements hinsichtlich Testbarkeit und die Erstellung von Testfällen für die Verifikation dieser Anforderungen Hinterfragen bestehender Laborprozesse, Identifikation von Optimierungsbedarf aus technischer und naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht und anschließende selbstständige Umsetzung Bachelor/Master Abschluss oder Ausbildung mit fundierter Erfahrung Erste Test Erfahrung, idealerweise im Medical Device Umfeld Sichere Programmierkenntnisse: entwickeln von internen Test-Frameworks und Analyse-Tools weiter mit Unterstützung von Git als Versionierung Tool Python Expertise (z.
For our esteemed client in the pharmaceutical industry, we are looking for a Supplier Quality Engineer Packaging (m/f/d) based in Bad Homburg. Become part of a globally leading company in medical devices and pharmaceuticals and take responsibility for qualifying packaging suppliers and driving the global harmonization of packaging standards.
Microchips power the tools and devices we rely on every day - from smartphones and electricvehicles to medical diagnostics and AI systems. SUSS equipment enables their production through scalable, high-precision solutions in lithography, waferbonding, and packaging.
Are you able to take responsibility for the development of novel medical devices? Do you see your strength in creating a trusting and open cooperation with external partners? And do you want to join a successful company in rapid growth?
Dieser absolut wichtige Teil Ihrer Aufgabe und Ihrer Verantwortung darf gerne 50% Ihrer Tätigkeiten beanspruchenProzesskonforme Dokumentation und Reviews: Sie stellen die korrekte Dokumentation unserer Software-Entwicklungsprojekte und führen regelmäßige Reviews durch.Medizinproduktakten: Die Erstellung und Pflege von Akten gemäß der Medical Device Regulation (MDR) gehört zu Ihrem know howWeiterentwicklung des QM-Systems: Ihre aktive Mitarbeit bei der kontinuierlichen Verbesserung des Qualitätsmanagement-Systems im Bereich Software-Entwicklung ist gewünscht.Cybersecurity: Zusammen mit dem Cybersecurity Experten unterstützen Sie das Team bei Sicherheitsfragen und der Umsetzung von Cybersecurity-Maßnahmen.Usability- und Risikomanagement: Sie sind aktiv an der Durchführung von Usability- und Risikomanagementaktivitäten beteiligt.
Das Unternehmen bietet Raum für Menschen, die Verantwortung übernehmen möchten und Freude daran haben, an anspruchsvollen, zukunftsorientierten Technologien mitzuwirken Weiterentwicklung eines schlanken, risikobasierten Qualitätsmanagementsystems (ISO 13485, AI Act) Sicherstellung regulatorischer Anforderungen für aktive Medizinprodukte, sterile Produkte sowie Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) Vorbereitung, Koordination und Begleitung internationaler Zulassungs- und Registrierungsprozesse (EU/MDR, USA/FDA) inkl.
Proactive participation in all phases of software development from feasibility studies through design,development, testing and bug fixing and maintenanceCollaboration within the Scrum-TeamsIndependent interaction with internal framework manufacturersBased on requirements and models, definition of software architecture, design and specifications, ultimately leading to implementationParticipation in the definition of work packages, their estimation and planning in a sprint-based agile environmentAdherence to a software development process including contribution to written deliverables and documentation Degree in a software related field such as software or electrical engineering or similarHands-on experience as Software Engineer, preferred in the regulated environment such as the medical device industryYears hands- on experience with C++ and Linux from the last project or positionStrong with Linux DockersExperience with CAN busSoftware architecture would be advantageous Internal career opportunities World-renowned biotech company Ihr Kontakt Referenznummer 865145/1 Kontakt aufnehmen Telefon:+41 44 225 50 00 E-Mail: positionen@hays.ch Anstellungsart Freiberuflich für ein Projekt
Das Unternehmen bietet Raum für Menschen, die Verantwortung übernehmen möchten und Freude daran haben, an anspruchsvollen, zukunftsorientierten Technologien mitzuwirken Weiterentwicklung eines schlanken, risikobasierten Qualitätsmanagementsystems (ISO 13485, AI Act) Sicherstellung regulatorischer Anforderungen für aktive Medizinprodukte, sterile Produkte sowie Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) Vorbereitung, Koordination und Begleitung internationaler Zulassungs- und Registrierungsprozesse (EU/MDR, USA/FDA) inkl.
Working in an interdisciplinary team of engineers to develop and improve designs and manufacturing processes for thick film sensors Improve and maintain the data infrastructure and pipeline for production and process control data from various sources and ensure timely data availability Act as a technical interface between R&D and Production and between various R&D departments to harmonize data handling and standards Improve and maintain data visualization tools (dashboards, interactive charts) and support in routine data analysis Support in defining and improving image analysis methods and tools to derive quantitative feature values from images Extend the data infrastructure with additional information, e.g. from sensor performance characterization Data driven improvements of manufacturing processes Completed technical training in process engineering, data science, bioinformatics, or similar professional education Professional experience in industrial R&D or manufacturing environment, ideally in the medical device industry or a comparable regulated environment Experience in building and maintaining data pipelines (ETL processes) from diverse sources such as SQL databases, CSV, and machine log files Ability to create interactive dashboards and visualization tools with a solid understanding of applied statistics (e.g. correlation analysis, cluster analysis) to support the development teams Skills in digital image processing, object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python, and knowledge of SQL are a strong advantage, adding significant value to this opportunity Good communication skills in a multicultural and multidisciplinary environment A thorough way of working and documentation Motivated team player with passion in promoting and driving fast-paced and ambitious projects Aptitude to understand and improve the underlying technical processes Proficiency in both English and German Unlimited project contract Fascinating, innovative environment in an international atmosphere Ihr Kontakt Ansprechpartner Jannik Fabio Eichin Referenznummer 865639/1 Kontakt aufnehmen E-Mail: jannik.eichin@hays.ch Anstellungsart Freiberuflich für ein Projekt
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
Working in an interdisciplinary team of engineers to develop and improve designs and manufacturing processes for thick film sensorsImprove and maintain the data infrastructure and pipeline for production and process control data from various sources and ensure timely data availabilityAct as a technical interface between R&D and Production and between various R&D departments to harmonize data handling and standardsImprove and maintain data visualization tools (dashboards, interactive charts) and support in routine data analysisSupport in defining and improving image analysis methods and tools to derive quantitative feature values from imagesExtend the data infrastructure with additional information, e.g. from sensor performance characterizationData driven improvements of manufacturing processes Completed technical training in process engineering, data science, bioinformatics, or similar professional educationProfessional experience in industrial R&D or manufacturing environment, ideally in the medical device industry or a comparable regulated environmentExperience in building and maintaining data pipelines (ETL processes) from diverse sources such as SQL databases, CSV, and machine log filesAbility to create interactive dashboards and visualization tools with a solid understanding of applied statistics (e.g. correlation analysis, cluster analysis) to support the development teamsSkills in digital image processing, object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python, and knowledge of SQL are a strong advantage, adding significant value to this opportunityGood communication skills in a multicultural and multidisciplinary environment A thorough way of working and documentationMotivated team player with passion in promoting and driving fast-paced and ambitious projectsAptitude to understand and improve the underlying technical processesProficiency in both English and German Unlimited project contractFascinating, innovative environment in an international atmosphere Ihr Kontakt Ansprechpartner Jannik Fabio Eichin Referenznummer 865639/1 Kontakt aufnehmen E-Mail: jannik.eichin@hays.ch Anstellungsart Freiberuflich für ein Projekt
We create intelligent connections to accelerate the development and commercialization of innovative medical treatments to help improve patient outcomes and population health worldwide. Learn more at https://jobs.iqvia.com
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
We create intelligent connections to accelerate the development and commercialization of innovative medical treatments to help improve patient outcomes and population health worldwide. Learn more at https://jobs.iqvia.com
At Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, we provide tools for the engineering of micro- and nano-structures, with customers using our process solutions to research and produce materials and semiconductors vital for everything from medical devices and diagnostics to electric cars and quantum computers. Benefits: In addition to a competitive starting salary, Oxford Instruments also offers structured career development opportunities, a good work-life balance, private healthcare, a share incentive plan, 25 days of annual leave, half-days on Fridays, a defined contribution Group Personal Pension Plan, and a flexible benefits package that you can tailor to your own requirements.
Your Qualifications Bachelor in computer or electrical engineering with good mechanical skills or comparable education/training Extensive knowledge of machinery for the beverage / packaging industry and work experience of at least 2 years Analytical thinking for solving technical tasks Programmable Logic Controller’s (PLC) experience, electrical and/or mechanical Flexibility, assertiveness and organizational skills Self-confidence and friendly appearance Willingness to travel up to 90% of the time Passport or willingness to obtain a passport Benefits Innovative and international working environment Competitive wages Medical, Dental, Vision insurance offered at 30 days of employment Generous Educational Reimbursement program Company sponsored Life and Disability Insurance Paid Time Off Ten (10) Paid Holidays per year 401K with Company Match Location: Waukesha ǀ Wisconsin ǀ USA
Your Qualifications Bachelor in computer or electrical engineering with good mechanical skills or comparable education/training Extensive knowledge of machinery for the beverage / packaging industry and work experience of at least 2 years Analytical thinking for solving technical tasks Programmable Logic Controller’s (PLC) experience, electrical and/or mechanical Flexibility, assertiveness and organizational skills Self-confidence and friendly appearance Willingness to travel up to 90% of the time Passport or willingness to obtain a passport Benefits Innovative and international working environment Competitive wages Medical, Dental, Vision insurance offered at 30 days of employment Generous Educational Reimbursement program Company sponsored Life and Disability Insurance Paid Time Off Ten (10) Paid Holidays per year 401K with Company Match Location: Waukesha ǀ Wisconsin ǀ USA
About Convatec Pioneering trusted medical solutions to improve the lives we touch: Convatec is a global medical products and technologies company, focused on solutions for the management of chronic conditions, with leading positions in Advanced Wound Care, Ostomy Care, Continence Care, and Infusion Care.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
We use three strategic scientific platforms of plasma fractionation, recombinant protein technology, and cell and gene therapy to support continued innovation and continually refine ways in which products can address unmet medical needs and help patients lead full lives. CSL Behring operates one of the world’s largest plasma collection networks, CSL Plasma.
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers challenging lighting and image transmission solutions for applications in the markets of automotive, aviation, medical devices, as well as industrial and safety engineering. With production units in Europe, North-America and the worldwide SCHOTT sales organization Lighting and Imaging is a leading supplier for fiber optic components.
Hoe loopt het assemblage proces in een hoogwaardige productie omgeving voor medicijnen en medical devices? Welke order heeft de meeste prioriteit? Hoe pas jij een planning aan, zodat aan de vraag van de klant voldaan kan worden?
About us Our Business Unit Lighting and Imaging offers smart solutions for light delivery and image transmission in demanding environments — from medical devices, industrial, and safety applications to aviation and automotive. With manufacturing sites in Europe and North America, and supported by SCHOTT’s global sales network, we are a leading supplier of high-quality fiber optic and LED components.
Provide strategic and therapeutic area guidance for clinical development plans in compliance with applicable regulatory, medical, and ethics guidelines. Ensure high-quality, data-driven deliverables that meet the highest standards of medical, ethical, and scientific integrity and conduct.